技术期刊"Readout"

*Chairman, President & CEO, HORIBA, Ltd.

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*Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute

X-ray fluorescence analysis that directly detects K-lines of heavy metal elements was conducted using high energy X-ray of 100 keV or more obtained from SPring-8. The analysis showed that it could detect rare earth elements at ppm level and some heavy metal elements such as tungsten. As a result of applying this method to various fields, it was found that the method was very useful as a means of identification using heavy metals in glass or ceramic shards as the indicators. Moreover, the X-ray focusing element was designed and developed in an effort to realize microbeam in the unprecedented field of high-energy X-ray region, and it was demonstrated that mocrobeams about 1 μm could be obtained in the 30 to 100 keV regions with a total reflection mirror.

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*Japan Women’s University

We developed a method of determining the X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectrum through high accuracy measurement of resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, without any limits on resolution of the inner shell lifetime broadening. From this method, we can derive various new types of XAFS, including the valence selective XAFS and the spin selective XAFS (both without any limits of lifetime broadening). The method shows a possibility of developing into a powerful tool to monitor various condition changes for general functional materials.

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*University of Antwerp

X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) is a widely applied routine method for inorganic analysis of a variety of materials; compact ED-XRF equipment with microscopic analysis capabilities (μ-XRF) is available in different forms. Raman Spectroscopy (RS) is a highly specific method of molecular analysis that has shown itself to be admirably suitable for identification of many inorganic and organic compounds. Also Raman instruments are becoming available under the form of increasingly compact apparatus. In order to combine the above-two spectroscopic methods into one compact combined XRF/Raman instruments, an irradiation/detection geometry was designed that allows to perform simultaneous XRF and Raman measurements at the same location on the surface of a sample. An illustrative example, highlitening the usefulness of the apparatus for pigment-related investigations in the cultural heritage sector is described.

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*Tokyo University of Science

We are now developing a system which allows the visualization of the structure and tissue associated with breast cancer, which is difficult to achieve with conventional mammography, by utilizing X-ray refraction. This system is expected to achieve an approximately 1000-fold higher contrast and high spatial resolution at low dose; compared to techniques by use of X-ray absorption. Monochromatic and plane wave X-rays, produced by the diffraction of asymmetric reflection, are applied to the sample, and, corresponding to calcification and tissue structure, X-rays, which is going through slight refraction, are isolated from straight X-rays with an angle analysis plate. With a method called the "X-ray dark field method" which uses a tramsmission type angle analysis plate, transfer imaging created by refractive X-rays alone can be obtained, making use of the feature that straight X-rays do not go through tha angle analysis plate of a certain thickness. Furthermore, a mathematical algorithm concerning refraction contrast was developed to get CT images, and we obtained world's first 3D images of noninvasive ductual carcinoma, etc., based on the refraction principle.

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