Pharmaceuticals and Medicine Manufacturing

The pharmaceutical and medicine manufacturing industry develops and produces a variety of medicinal and other health-related products that save the lives of millions of people from various diseases. This industry is primarily engaged in manufacturing biological and medical products, processing and isolating active medical principles from botanical drugs and herbs, manufacturing pharmaceutical products intended for internal and external consumption in such forms as tablets, capsules, ointments, powders and solutions.

HORIBA offers a large choice of innovative technologies such as Fluorescence spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging, Particle Size Analyzers, Capacitance manometer and gas monitor Micropole systems that contribute to the quality and performance of drugs manufacturing.

A virus particle consists of several parts including the genetic material (DNA or RNA), a protein coat that protects these genes, and in some cases an envelope of lipids that surrounds the protein coat when they are outside a cell.

Mineral-based sunscreens have gained popularity due to their excellent ability to scatter ultraviolet (UV) rays without causing photo-induced skin irritation from chemical-based sunscreens. Of the 18 U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved active ingredients for sunscreen drug products, only two are mineral based. Zinc oxide remains stable at high temperature and in neutral pH, covers a broad spectrum of UV radiation, and is even mildly antibacterial. Three over-the-counter zine oxide sunscreens were purchased and analyzed using Partica LA-960V2 Laser Diffraction Particle Size Analyzer. A standard 15 mL fraction cell accessory fitted with a magnetic stir bar was chosen for this experiment.

Drug particle size and distribution are key critical quality attributes that govern stability, ocular retention via solution thickness, and therapeutic release characteristics. The laser diffraction technique is an elegant method used to establish the fundamentals of ophthalmic formulations prior to pharmacokinetic or clinical studies. To fulfill the requirements set out by the FDA, our recommendation is the Partica LA-960V2 Particle Size Analyzer.

TERS on Functionalized Gold Nanostructures for Nano-scale Biosensing

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful plasmonics-based analytical technique for biosensing. SERS effect relies on nanostructures that need to be designed to maximize enhancement factors and molecular specificity. In addition to numerical modeling, an analytical tool capable of imaging localized enhancement would be an added value.

Process Analytical Technology, or “PAT” is the term given to analytical instruments developed to measure certain attributes of product within the manufacturing process, eliminating, or substantially minimizing the need for sampling for off-line analysis. This approach offers process measurements in-situ with instant access to data, which facilitates rapid decisions during product development and manufacture.

Fluorescence spectroscopy is widely used in a variety of industries including biological sciences. Two dimensional (2D) fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) spectroscopy has been described in the literature for over 30 years to characterize or “fingerprint” biological samples.

Raman spectra of DayQuil™ and NyQuil™ collected with an immersion probe fiber-coupled to the MacroRAM™ Raman spectrometer, and a picture of the immersion probe setup.

Raman spectroscopy is well known as a powerful analytical method for qualitative chemical analysis. Less well known is that under certain conditions Raman spectroscopy can also be an effective method for quantitative analysis. Here we demonstrate that capability for quantitative analysis under a variety of conditions, involving different solutes in a solution and solution mixtures, and its applications to pharmaceutical analysis such as content uniformity.

Quality control of hand sanitizer gels and 70% alcohol products using Raman spectroscopy

Disinfecting your hands with hydroalcoholic gel has become a daily practice. In the meanwhile, 70° alcohol has been used for even longer to disinfect wounds. But, to remain efficient, the alcohol concentration of these products must not be below a defined threshold and must be controlled. This application note demonstrates how to evaluate alcohol concentrations in a quality control process with Raman.

It is necessary to have a particle size quantification system better suited to the specific requirements of the pharmaceutical industry; and D-values, while basic, fit this requirement well.

Determination of pH as Quality Control Test in Culture Media-01

Characterization of protective mask fibers by Raman microscopy

Due to Covid-19, a wide choice of protective masks are now on the market. These types of masks are distinguished, in particular, by their different efficiencies linked to their filtration capacity. These differences in protective properties have therefore made it essential to characterize the composition of the masks. In this paper, we present why LabRAM Soleil™ confocal Raman multimode microscope is the perfect tool for studying the distribution and composition of mask fibers.

Quality control of sugar content in beverages using Raman spectroscopy

We all consume or have all consumed sugary drinks at least once. Sugar content of those drinks must be regulated. Also, to avoid those properties of sugar, it has been replaced by sweeteners. These have lower sweetness than natural sugars. Whether it is sugar or sweetener, their content just be controlled. Here, we demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy is one solution to identify and evaluate sugar/sweetener concentrations in a quality control process.

In this Application Note, we will focus on the importance of monitoring particle size and distribution range throughout two different processing technologies used to improve shelf-life and efficacy of CBD products.

Size matters in vaccine delivery systems. Nanoparticles smaller than 200 nm generally present a greater immunogenic response than micro-particles larger than 1 micron.

Identification and Quantification of Potential Adulterants in Cranberry Fruit Juice Dry Extracts

The Aqualog A-TEEM spectrometer has the capacity to specifically identify and sensitively quantify key adulterants that are most commonly detected in Cranberry dietary supplements, including Pine Bark, Grape Seed and Peanut Skin extracts.

Multiple Characterizations of a Blister Pack Using the XGT-9000

The XGT-9000 is HORIBA’s new X-ray microscope. Its analytical versatility allows, multiple characterizations to be performed on a blister pack, from mapping of the full pack to particle size measurements of the capsule content.

Raman Analysis of lysozyme

We have measured solutions of lysozyme under conditions known to effect its physical state in order to investigate the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a non-invasive and label-free tool to assess protein formulation stability. Results from this study identified specific Raman signature bands in this protein that can be used to identify individual amino acid residues that are reflect structural changes in proteins.

In this note, the upstream process of analyzing viral preparations is addressed, as well as the use of multi-laser nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) as a cost and time efficient method to measure size, count virus particles, and correlate to infectious titer.

Pharmaceutical compounds distribution and cosmetic products analyzed by confocal Raman spectroscopy

In the final step of the formulation process, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries have to control their products to check if the compounds' distribution in the final product, or in its application form, i.e. dispersed on a skin for an intracutaneous product, are homogenous and stable in order to guarantee the product's efficacy. In this paper, we present why confocal Raman microscopy is an excellent tool for product characterization after formulation.

Iron oxides are magnetic black materials. The methicone treatment adds a degree of “slip” to the particles allowing for better color saturation although they still remain magnetic.

X-ray Fluorescence photons can be partially absorbed by the encapsulated material and will not show in the spectrum. The X-ray transmission image provides a complete picture.

Polymorphisms characterization: when Raman microscopy supports the pharmaceutical industry

Polymorphisms characterization of active molecules is one piece of important information for the pharmaceutical industry, not only on raw powders, but also in the final form. Raman microscopy remains the most appropriate solution for this application. In this paper, we present an example of polymorphisms characterization by Raman microscopy using the super low frequency module.

Application note: Morphological and chemical characterization of pharmaceutical formulations

In order to control formulations of pharmaceutical products, characterizing their active compounds is critical, especially in terms of morphological and chemical characterization of particles. In this application note, two formulations from a generic and an innovator nasal spray have been analyzed to compare their compounds size and shape, and chemically characterized to compare the two formulations based on the ParticleFinderTM app for LabSpec 6. A focus is done on the active compound.

Protein aggregation is an important concern when developing and manufacturing biotherapeutics. It is important to quantify protein aggregation and particle formulation as this data is needed to guide formulation development, evaluate handling requirements, and monitor product quality.

Resulting from the combination of Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy, Raman hyperspectral imaging has proven to be an indispensable tool in the pharmaceutical field. This article will broach a number of Raman hyperspectral imaging applications that were developed in our laboratory, in order to demonstrate the significance of the technique.

The LA-960 Particle Size Analyzer and SZ-100 Nanoparticle Analyzer may be used to measure the particle size distribution and zeta potential for drug delivery vehicles. These characteristics directly affect bioavailability, dissolution, immunotoxicity, amongst other critical formulation factors.

Many particle size measurements are made to track size reduction operations such as milling, mixing, homogenizing, etc. Laser diffraction is the most common analysis technique for monitoring size reduction operations due to its very broad dynamic range.

The study of protein aggregation encompasses a broad range of interactions and mechanisms. The LA-960 laser diffraction particle size analyzer possesses the unique ability to measure from 10 nanometers to 5 millimeters, accurately detecting the aggregates and, in some cases, the primary protein size.

The size of a protein is an important physical characteristic that provides useful information including the presence of monomers, dimer and trimer, changes in conformation, aggregation state, and denaturation. Protein scientists typically discuss “protein size” or molecular weight, as opposed to using the phrase “particle size”, but particle size analyzers are often used in their studies.

Pharmaceutical aerosols including metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) and dry powder inhalers (DPIs) are devices that deliver a specific quantity of drug to the lungs. The particle size distribution and shape of the delivered dose is more critical for inhalation aerosols than for most other conventional drug products because these factors greatly influence the deposition profile in the lungs of the patient.

The use of low molecular weight molecules in the industries of drug discovery and agri-food has become increasingly important over the course of a century of drug research and science development in agriculture and in pharmaceutical field.

The particle size distribution of active ingredients and excipients is an important physical characteristic of the materials used to create pharmaceutical products. The size, distribution and shape of the particles can affect bulk properties, product performance, processability, stability and appearance of the end product.

Vitamins are classified by their biological and chemical activity, not by their structure. They are grouped under an alphabetized generic descriptor title such as vitamin A that includes the compounds retinal, retinol, and four carotenoids.

Nutraceuticals are food extracts that have been demonstrated to produce a physiological benefit or provide some protection against chronic disease. Nutraceuticals are the intersection of nutrition and pharmaceutical and can also include functional foods and dietary supplements.

This Application Note outlines three different kinds of spectroscopic tools being used for the characterization of sunscreens, and discusses the obtained results. These include Fluorescence spectroscopy for photoactivity, Particle Size analysis for composition and Raman microscopy for formulation investigation.

Monitoring Cell Culture Media Variability using A-TEEM Spectroscopy

With the rise of protein production using mammalian cell culture, it has become increasingly important to control the quality of the cell culture media for use in production processes. Cell culture media are usually prepared as aqueous solutions and should provide everything a cell line needs for optimal cell growth as well as product yield and quality.

Raman Microscopy in Pharmaceutical Salt Analysis

Pharmaceutical and crystallographic samples typically require detailed characterization and analysis to optimize a samples stability, physical properties and indeed general efficacy where an active drug substance is involved.

Many cosmetic products include particulate material or emulsions. Some examples of cosmetic products consisting of or including particulates include facial powders, moisturizers, and lipstick. The particle size distribution of these components effects appearance, stability, and protection.

Laser diffraction particle size analyzers offer the same benefits in speed, precision, and reliability to nutraceutical materials that have made the technique popular in the pharmaceutical industry.

Liposomes are bilayer vesicles made of phospholipids derived from natural or man-made materials. They are mainly used in the pharmaceutical field for treatment of cancers as carriers of chemotherapeutic drugs to the tumor area.

This application note describes two experiments where laser diffraction proved capable of determining both the base biopolymer nanoparticles and also larger particles outside of the range of DLS.

Confocal Raman Spectroscopy is an important analytical tool in various fields and it has shown high efficiency for specific applications in the cosmetic and/or pharmaceutical fields. Its non-invasive behavior, and its high molecular sensitivity make it one of the preferred label-free analytical techniques to characterize materials such as skin and cosmetic products.

This application note summarizes the reasons why static image analysis is becoming a popular technique for characterizing APIs.

The ViewSizer™ 3000 enables scientists to visualize and quantify the kinetics of protein aggregation in real-time for biologic therapeutics under a variety of stress conditions.

This study utilizes the PSA300 automated image analysis system to quantify the size and shape of various ointments and creams.

Fast and non-invasive determination of skin

Biological tissues contain chromophores that absorb light, as well as fluorophores that absorb and reemit light (fluorescence effect). Light absorption depends on the chromophores’ content and their distribution within the organic matter.

The fluorescence spectra of intrinsic protein fluorophores have been studied extensively and used in investigating biological events.

Samples can be valuable. Either you don’t want to waste them, or you may not have very much starting material. Biological proteins and enzymes, for example, are often obtained in small volumes and may be expensive.

The choice of protecting group is of crucial importance in the success of many steps in organic synthesis and the manipulation of polyfunctional molecules, since they can prevent the formation of undesired side products and reactions.

Noninvasive In-Vivo Determination of Sunscreen-UVA Protection Factors

The development and evaluation of UVA (320–400 nm) sunscreens is important because UVA sunlight can penetrate deep into human skin and cause severe internal damage, as well as erythema and photoaging.

Holistic Analysis of Mammalian Cell Proliferation using Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Monitoring culture media conditions is highly important for industries in order to improve cell proliferation for applications such as regenerative medicines and protein synthesis.

Confocal Raman spectroscopy is beginning to be recognized as a high potential technique for the non invasive study of biological tissues and human skin under in vivo conditions. Raman spectroscopy can be applied to obtain information regarding the molecular composition of the skin down to several hundred micrometers below the skin surface.

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TDM - The Time-Domain Monochromator

TDM - The Time-Domain Monochromator

LabRAM Soleil Nano

LabRAM Soleil Nano

Real-time and Direct Correlative Nanoscopy

LAQUA 21 CFR Part 11 Software

LAQUA 21 CFR Part 11 Software

Ammonia Electrode Filling Solution

Ammonia Electrode Filling Solution

Chloride ion electrode (combination) 6560S-10C

Chloride ion electrode (combination) 6560S-10C

9425-10C (for general-purpose use)

9425-10C (for general-purpose use)

Reference Electrode 2060A-10T

Reference Electrode 2060A-10T

Standard type

Calcium ion sensor S051

Calcium ion sensor S051

Calcium Electrode Filling Solution

Calcium Electrode Filling Solution

LabRAM Odyssey Nano

LabRAM Odyssey Nano

AFM-Raman for physical and chemical imaging

Chloride Electrode Filling Solution

Chloride Electrode Filling Solution

Reference Electrode 2565A-10T

Reference Electrode 2565A-10T

Double-junciton type

ICP Neo

ICP Software

9300-10D ORP Electrode

9300-10D ORP Electrode

XploRA Nano

AFM-Raman for Physical and Chemical imaging

5402 DO Electrode Tip

5402 DO Electrode Tip

Temperature Compensation Electrode 4163-10T

Temperature Compensation Electrode 4163-10T

SPRi-Arrayer

Direct contact spotting

2.50 mmol/L Calcium Ion Standard Solution Y052H

2.50 mmol/L Calcium Ion Standard Solution Y052H

Nitrate Electrode Filling Solution

Nitrate Electrode Filling Solution

1.25 mmol/L Calcium Ion Standard Solution Y052L

1.25 mmol/L Calcium Ion Standard Solution Y052L

LabRAM Odyssey

Confocal Raman Imaging & High Resolution Spectrometer

Potassium Electrode Filling Solution

Potassium Electrode Filling Solution

Powder for ORP Standard Solution 160-51

Powder for ORP Standard Solution 160-51

OpenPleX

Manual label-free molecular interaction analysis machine Flexible Research Platform

XploRA INV

Inverted Raman Microscope

Powder for ORP Standard Solution 160-22

Powder for ORP Standard Solution 160-22

Salt electrode S021

Salt electrode S021

Sodium ion electrode S022

Sodium ion electrode S022

Potassium Ion Sensor S030

Potassium Ion Sensor S030

VG-200S

Capacitance Manometer

Nitrate ion electrode S040

Nitrate ion electrode S040

3551-10D Conductivity Cell (Submersible Type)

3551-10D Conductivity Cell (Submersible Type)

Calcium Ion Sensor S050

Calcium Ion Sensor S050

Chloride ion electrode tip 7660S

Chloride ion electrode tip 7660S

9520-10D DO electrode

9520-10D DO electrode

3552-10D Conductivity Cell (Submersible Type)

3552-10D Conductivity Cell (Submersible Type)

Fluoride ion electrode (combination) 6561S-10C

Fluoride ion electrode (combination) 6561S-10C

84 uS/cm Conductivity Standard Solution

84 uS/cm Conductivity Standard Solution

NIST pH Buffer Solution Kit

NIST pH Buffer Solution Kit

7541 DO Electrode Tip

7541 DO Electrode Tip

3553-10D Conductivity Cell (Submersible Type)

3553-10D Conductivity Cell (Submersible Type)

Fluoride ion electrode tip 7661S

Fluoride ion electrode tip 7661S

1413 uS/cm Conductivity Standard Solution

1413 uS/cm Conductivity Standard Solution

USA pH Buffer Solution Kit

USA pH Buffer Solution Kit

9551-20D DO Electrode

9551-20D DO Electrode

9382-10D Conductivity Cell (Submersible Type)

9382-10D Conductivity Cell (Submersible Type)

Ammonia electrode (combination) 5002S-10C

Ammonia electrode (combination) 5002S-10C

100 mg/L Ammonium Ion Standard Solution

100 mg/L Ammonium Ion Standard Solution

pH 1.68 Buffer Solution

pH 1.68 Buffer Solution

Eyecon2™*

Direct Imaging Particle Analyzer

9551-100D DO Electrode

9551-100D DO Electrode

3561-10D Conductivity Cell (Flow Type)

3561-10D Conductivity Cell (Flow Type)

1000 mg/L Ammonium Ion Standard Solution

1000 mg/L Ammonium Ion Standard Solution

12.88 mS/cm Conductivity Standard Solution

12.88 mS/cm Conductivity Standard Solution

Ammonia electrode membrane caps

Ammonia electrode membrane caps

5401 DO Electrode Tip

5401 DO Electrode Tip

3562-10D Conductivity Cell (Flow Type)

3562-10D Conductivity Cell (Flow Type)

Nitrate ion electrode (combination) 6581S-10C

Nitrate ion electrode (combination) 6581S-10C

100 mg/L Calcium Ion Standard Solution

100 mg/L Calcium Ion Standard Solution

pH 4.01 Buffer Solution

pH 4.01 Buffer Solution

111.8 mS/cm Conductivity Standard Solution

111.8 mS/cm Conductivity Standard Solution

3573-10C Conductivity Cell (Flow Type)

3573-10C Conductivity Cell (Flow Type)

1000 mg/L Calcium Ion Standard Solution

1000 mg/L Calcium Ion Standard Solution

Nitrate ion electrode tip 7681S

Nitrate ion electrode tip 7681S

3574-10C Conductivity Cell (Flow Type)

3574-10C Conductivity Cell (Flow Type)

SmartSampling

Turns Raman Imaging from Hours to Minutes

Potassium ion electrode (combination) 6582S-10C

Potassium ion electrode (combination) 6582S-10C

100 mg/L Chloride Ion Standard Solution

100 mg/L Chloride Ion Standard Solution

1000 mg/L Chloride Ion Standard Solution

1000 mg/L Chloride Ion Standard Solution

Potassium ion electrode tip 7682S

Potassium ion electrode tip 7682S

pH 6.86 Buffer Solution

pH 6.86 Buffer Solution

Calcium ion electrode (combination) 6583S-10C

Calcium ion electrode (combination) 6583S-10C

100 mg/L Fluoride Ion Standard Solution

100 mg/L Fluoride Ion Standard Solution

pH 7.00 Buffer Solution

pH 7.00 Buffer Solution

1000 mg/L Fluoride Ion Standard Solution

1000 mg/L Fluoride Ion Standard Solution

Calcium ion electrode tip 7683S

Calcium ion electrode tip 7683S

pH 9.18 Buffer Solution

pH 9.18 Buffer Solution

100 mg/L Nitrate Ion Standard Solution

100 mg/L Nitrate Ion Standard Solution

pH 10.01 Buffer Solution

pH 10.01 Buffer Solution

Cyanide ion electrode 8001-10C

Cyanide ion electrode 8001-10C

SEC-N100 Series

SEC-N100 Series

Digital Mass Flow Controller

1000 mg/L Nitrate Ion Standard Solution

1000 mg/L Nitrate Ion Standard Solution

pH 12.46 Buffer Solution

pH 12.46 Buffer Solution

pH Standard Solution 100-2

pH Standard Solution 100-2

Ammonia Ionic Strength Adjustor

Ammonia Ionic Strength Adjustor

pH Standard Solution 100-4

pH Standard Solution 100-4

Calcium Ionic Strength Adjustor

Calcium Ionic Strength Adjustor

pH Standard Solution 100-7

pH Standard Solution 100-7

Chloride Ionic Strength Adjustor

Chloride Ionic Strength Adjustor

pH Standard Solution 100-9

pH Standard Solution 100-9

Fluoride Ionic Strength Adjustor

Fluoride Ionic Strength Adjustor

pH Standard Solution 100-10

pH Standard Solution 100-10

Nitrate Ionic Strength Adjustor

Nitrate Ionic Strength Adjustor

9480-10C Long ToupH electrode (for large containers and long test tubes)

9480-10C Long ToupH electrode (for large containers and long test tubes)

Electrode protector cap (3 pcs/pack)

Electrode protector cap (3 pcs/pack)

9481-10C Sleeve ToupH electrode (for viscous and non-aqueous samples)

9481-10C Sleeve ToupH electrode (for viscous and non-aqueous samples)

Condensed pH Standard Solution 110-4

Condensed pH Standard Solution 110-4

Chloride ion electrode 8002-10C

Chloride ion electrode 8002-10C

Potassium Ionic Strength Adjustor

Potassium Ionic Strength Adjustor

9418-10C Micro ToupH electrode (for low-volume samples)

9418-10C Micro ToupH electrode (for low-volume samples)

9415-10C Standard ToupH electrode (for general laboratory application)

9415-10C Standard ToupH electrode (for general laboratory application)

Condensed pH Standard Solution 110-7

Condensed pH Standard Solution 110-7

Sulfide ion electrode 8003-10C

Sulfide ion electrode 8003-10C

Printer (for GLP/GMP compliance)

Printer (for GLP/GMP compliance)

Condensed pH Standard Solution 110-10

Condensed pH Standard Solution 110-10

Iodide ion electrode 8004-10C

Iodide ion electrode 8004-10C

Powder for pH Standard Solution 150-4

Powder for pH Standard Solution 150-4

Bromide ion electrode 8005-10C

Bromide ion electrode 8005-10C

Copper ion electrode 8006-10C

Copper ion electrode 8006-10C

9615S-10D Standard ToupH electrode (for general laboratory application)

9615S-10D Standard ToupH electrode (for general laboratory application)

Powder for pH Standard Solution 150-7

Powder for pH Standard Solution 150-7

Cadmium ion electrode 8007-10C

Cadmium ion electrode 8007-10C

Digital simulator X-51

Digital simulator X-51

Powder for pH Standard Solution 150-9

Powder for pH Standard Solution 150-9

Lead ion electrode 8008-10C

Lead ion electrode 8008-10C

9618S-10D Micro ToupH electrode (for low-volume samples)

9618S-10D Micro ToupH electrode (for low-volume samples)

Digital simulator X-52

Digital simulator X-52

Thiocyanate ion electrode 8009-10C

Thiocyanate ion electrode 8009-10C

9680S-10D Long ToupH electrode (for large containers and long tubes)

9680S-10D Long ToupH electrode (for large containers and long tubes)

USB cable

Fluoride ion electrode 8010-10C

Fluoride ion electrode 8010-10C

9651-10D (for field testing)

9651-10D (for field testing)

Silver ion electrode 8011-10C

Silver ion electrode 8011-10C

9681S-10D Sleeve ToupH electrode (for viscous and non-aqueous samples)

9681S-10D Sleeve ToupH electrode (for viscous and non-aqueous samples)

Sodium ion electrode 1512A-10C

Sodium ion electrode 1512A-10C

AC adapter cable set

AC adapter cable set

Nitrate ion electrode 8201-10C

Nitrate ion electrode 8201-10C

LCD protection sheet

LCD protection sheet

9625-10D (for general-purpose use)

9625-10D (for general-purpose use)

Potassium ion electrode 8202-10C

Potassium ion electrode 8202-10C

Protection cover

Protection cover

Calcium ion electrode 8203-10C

Calcium ion electrode 8203-10C

Micropole System QL Series

Micropole System QL Series

Quadrupole Mass Analyzer

Electrode hook for D-70 Series, ES-71, and OM-71

Electrode hook for D-70 Series, ES-71, and OM-71

9630-10D (for low conductivity samples)

9630-10D (for low conductivity samples)

FA-70A Integrated Electrode Stand

FA-70A Integrated Electrode Stand

9631-10D (for hydrofluoric acid or HF samples)

9631-10D (for hydrofluoric acid or HF samples)

9632-10D (for strong alkali samples)

9632-10D (for strong alkali samples)

FA-70S Electrode stand (adjustable type)

FA-70S Electrode stand (adjustable type)

DP-50S Electrode stand

DP-50S Electrode stand

6367-10D (for high accuracy pH measurement)

6367-10D (for high accuracy pH measurement)

DP-70S Electrode Stand

DP-70S Electrode Stand

6252-10D (for food samples)

6252-10D (for food samples)

Glass Electrode 1066A-10C

Glass Electrode 1066A-10C

Standard type

Glass Electrode 1076A-10C

Glass Electrode 1076A-10C

For measurement of low-conductivity water and non-aqueous solvents.

6069-10C (for very slender test tubes)

6069-10C (for very slender test tubes)

6261-10C (for flat surface measurement)

6261-10C (for flat surface measurement)