Elemental Analysis

Elemental analysis of materials is the process of identifying and quantifying the chemical elements in a sample to determine its composition. It measures the type and amount of elements present, providing insights into material composition, and is a key to assessing material performance (weight, strength, corrosion resistance, etc).

Advanced techniques are used across industries such as semiconductors, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, and environmental science, to understand material composition, which is critical for research, quality control, and regulatory compliance. Elemental analysis is a cornerstone for ensuring material performance and driving innovation in diverse applications.

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What are key applications for elemental analysis?

Elemental analysis of materials has a wide range of applications across industries and scientific research:

  • Environmental Analysis: Detects trace elements and pollutants in air, water, soil, and waste to assess environmental impact (corrosion) and regulatory compliance.
     
  • Material Characterization: Studies of coatings and layered materials such as mineral compositions for resource exploration (for example Rare Earth Elements) and geochemical mapping.
     
  • Energy Sector: Evaluates materials for batteries (carbon), fuel cells, and renewable energy systems to improve efficiency and durability.
     
  • Biomedical Research: Investigates elemental distribution in tissues, implants, and medical devices for health and safety evaluations.
     
  • Forensic Science: Provides elemental fingerprints for material identification in criminal investigations and authenticity verification.
     

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What is the scope of elemental analysis?

Elemental analysis provides insights into the composition of materials by measuring elements at different concentration levels.

Fingerprint Analysis

Fingerprint analysis identifies a material’s unique elemental signature, helping determine composition, structure, and distinguishing characteristics. It is essential for verifying raw materials, ensuring batch consistency, and detecting contamination or fraud.

Typically, fingerprint analysis requires qualitative or semi-quantitative results and may be interesting to detect local defects or inhomogeneities. Elements and compounds are detected from ppm (if the specific technique allows it) to percent (%) levels, making fingerprinting crucial for quality control, material development, forensics investigation and failure analysis across industries.

X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) or Elemental Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES or GDOES) techniques generate spectral or elemental profiles for material authentication, forensic investigations, and counterfeit detection.

Major Content Analysis

Major content analysis determines the primary elements in a material, typically at concentrations above 1% by weight, ensuring product integrity, compliance with standards, and process optimization.

Techniques such as ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy), XRF (X-ray Fluorescence), and C/S Analyzers quantify bulk composition in metals, ceramics, and semiconductors, while GDOES (Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy) primarily focuses on coatings. These methods help maintain quality in metallurgy, automotive, photonics components or energy (battery, fuel cells).

Trace and Ultra-Trace Content (Impurities) Analysis

Trace and ultra-trace content analysis detects impurities and minor elemental components at low levels ppm, ppb or even lower, ensuring material purity, safety, and performance.

Even minimal contamination can affect semiconductor manufacturing, high-purity metals, pharmaceuticals, and environmental monitoring. Techniques such as ICP-OES and H/N/O analyzers provide high-sensitivity quantification of trace elements, identifying contaminants, dopants, and unwanted elements in critical applications.

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What are HORIBA solutions for elemental analysis?

HORIBA provides a wide range of elemental analyzers:

ICP-OES Spectrometers

Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP‑OES) provides highly sensitive elemental analysis for liquid samples and possibly some solids, such as graphite, with a dedicated accessory. It is ideal for detecting trace elements across complex matrices (brines, REE, etc.), offering high precision and a broad dynamic range. Applications include chemistry, metallurgy, energy etc.

RF Glow Discharge Spectrometers

Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES) enables depth-resolved analysis of solid materials, measuring elemental concentrations as a function of depth. GDOES instruments are used in universities where they contribute to the development of new materials with coatings at nanoscale and upward, and in industries to monitor photovoltaic device manufacturing, to understand the origin of corrosion, to assess the composition of precious metals, to control hard disks or LED manufacturing, to improve Li batteries, etc.

X-ray Fluorescence Analyzers

HORIBA’s X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) systems provide non-destructive elemental analysis for solids, powders, and liquids, detecting particles as small as 10 µm. Automated scanning enables detailed mapping over areas up to 10 cm × 10 cm. Ideal for industries like electronics, mining, batteries and fuel cells, and recycling, XRF delivers fast, cost-effective composition analysis. It also excels in research applications, offering high-sensitivity transition metal detection and millimeter-scale mapping, outperforming SEM-EDX in certain cases.

Carbon / Sulfur Analyzers

The EMIA Series provides precise measurement of carbon and sulfur content in inorganic solid samples, crucial for quality control in steel and metal production, metal refining at large, and ceramics. These analyzers are known for their high sensitivity, accuracy, and user-friendly operation to ensure material integrity and compliance with standard regulations.

Oxygen / Nitrogen / Hydrogen Analyzers

HORIBA’s EMGA Series is designed to measure oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen in metals and inorganic solid materials. These instruments are widely used in metallurgy (powder and chips), ceramics, and advanced materials industries for their high sensitivity, accuracy, and user-friendly operations to ensure material integrity and compliance with standard regulation.

Sulfur-in-Oil Analyzers

HORIBA offers sulfur analyzers tailored for measuring sulfur content in oils, fuels, and lubricants. These instruments help ensure compliance with environmental regulations (ASTM D4294 and ISO 8754 compliance, for instance), those governing sulfur limits in fuel, and are widely used in the petrochemical, automotive and aeronautics industries. Low chlorine levels can also be detected to prevent corrosion of the pipes (ASTM D4929).

Ultima Expert
Ultima Expert

High resolution, high sensitivity and high stability ICP-OES

GD-Profiler 2™
GD-Profiler 2™

Pulsed-RF Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometer

XGT-9000
XGT-9000

X-ray Analytical Microscope (Micro-XRF)

EMIA-Expert
EMIA-Expert

Carbon/Sulfur Analyzer
(Flagship High-Accuracy Model)

EMGA-Expert
EMGA-Expert

Oxygen/Nitrogen/Hydrogen Analyzer
(Flagship High-Accuracy Model)

SLFA-60
SLFA-60

X-ray Fluorescence Sulfur-in-Oil Analyzer

EMIA-Pro
EMIA-Pro

Carbon/Sulfur Analyzer (Entry Model)

EMGA-Pro
EMGA-Pro

Oxygen/Nitrogen Analyzer (Entry Model)

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