Battery Testing

Measuring Battery Thermal Runaway Emissions

Why understanding battery thermal runaway emissions matters

A thermal chamber used to run battery test

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries power modern technologies from smartphones to electric vehicles. But they also carry a critical risk: thermal runaway. This self-sustaining chemical reaction generates heat, releases hazardous gases, and in extreme cases, can cause fires or explosions.

Understanding and measuring battery thermal runaway emissions is essential for improving safety, advancing battery design, and reducing environmental and health risks.
 


Unlock safer, cleaner energy solutions—discover our cutting-edge battery emissions measurement technology today!


 

Battery thermal runaway emissions and their impact

During a thermal runaway event, Li-ion battery components rapidly break down, releasing heat and a complex mix of gases and particles. These emissions include carbon dioxide, hydrogen, ammonia, and fine particulates, each with unique safety and environmental implications.

By studying the gases generated at every stage of thermal runaway, researchers can:

  • Develop early prediction and detection methods
  • Select safer, more environmentally responsible battery chemistries
  • Assess potential impacts on human health and the environment

Ready to advance your battery safety testing? Contact our team today  to discuss your testing needs.


HORIBA’s approach to measuring battery emissions

HORIBA leverages decades of expertise in emissions measurement technology to deliver a comprehensive view of battery thermal runaway behavior. Our systems integrate:

  • Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for real-time gas analysis
  • Mass Spectroscopy (MS) for precise molecular identification
  • Particle measurement solutions for quantifying solid emissions


Combined with proprietary system designs for initiating and evaluating thermal runaway, HORIBA provides a complete solution for safety, research, and regulatory compliance.

Gas and Particle Measurement Equipment for Battery Safety

Our suite of test equipment provides high-resolution analysis of thermal runaway emissions, supporting EV manufacturers, researchers, and regulatory bodies:

  • FTX-ONE RS – High-speed FTIR exhaust gas analyzer for NH₃, CH₄, CO₂ and more
  • HyEVO – High-resolution hydrogen gas analyzer
  • SPCS-ONE – Solid particle counting system for regulatory compliance
  • PX-375 – Continuous particulate monitor with X-ray fluorescence

FTX-ONE RS

FTIR Exhaust Gas Analyzer: 5Hz sampling rate and simultaneously measure the concentrations of multiple components including NH3, CH4, and CO2.

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HyEVO

Hydrogen Gas Analyzer: High-accuracy, high-resolution hydrogen gas analyzer designed to support the development of the hydrogen supply chain.

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SPCS-ONE

Solid Particle Counting System: Can complete engine/vehicle certification testing for PN defined in the latest regulations, which requires complied dilution systems.

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PX-375

Continuous Particulate Monitor with X-ray Fluorescence: Combines X-Ray Fluorescence & Beta-ray attenuation for accurate measurement of inorganic compounds.

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Post-Test Particle Analysis for Thermal Runaway Studies

Beyond real-time measurement, HORIBA offers advanced particle analyzers for post-test evaluation of thermal runaway emissions. These tools enable detailed morphology, chemical composition, and elemental mapping of battery particles:

  • Partica LA-960V2 – Laser scattering particle size distribution analyzer
  • XploRA™ PLUS – Confocal Raman microscope for chemical identification
  • XGT-9000 – Micro-XRF for elemental composition analysis
  • nanoGPS navYX™ – Multi-method particle imaging and analysis solution

Partica LA-960V2

Laser Scattering Particle Size Distribution Analyzer: Measures particle size distribution of emissions using laser diffraction and image analysis.

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XploRA™ PLUS

Particle-Correlated Confocal Raman Microscope: Performs particle morphology analysis and automated chemical identification of each particle. 

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XGT-9000

X-Ray Analytical Microscope (Micro-XRF): Automated analysis of elemental composition of each particle. Data can be correlated with Raman microscopy data for complete particle morphology-chemical identification analysis.

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nanoGPS navYX™

Particle-Correlated SEM Imaging & Analysis Solution: Automated analysis of each particle with multiple characterization methods, including SEM, AFM, FTIR, Raman, and more.

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Advancing Battery Safety Through Emissions Measurement

Measuring battery thermal runaway emissions is key to safer, cleaner energy storage. HORIBA delivers the insights to move electrification forward with confidence.

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