Analysis of Oxygen (O) and Nitrogen (N) in Metal 3D Printer MaterialsStainless steel, Ti, Al, and Cu are commonly used as metal 3D printing materials, and customers have expressed a desire to be able to quickly manage the amounts of oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) in those materials. For example, if the Ti material contains a large amount of oxygen (O), oxides will be produced, which can lead to defects in the printed part.
The Power of Micro-XRF in Gemology – Part 2: Non-destructive Screening to Find an Imitated Emerald ProductWe introduce a non-destructive screening method for gemstone counterfeit analysis using a HORIBA XGT-9000 X-ray Analytical Microscope. We analyzed two emeralds, and without any sample destruction, we could successfully determine that one of them was an imitated product made of a green-colored glass.
The Power of Micro-XRF in Gemology – Part 1: Small Garnet CharacterizationWe will introduce a non-destructive method for garnet characterization. In this application note, we used a HORIBA XGT-9000 X-ray Analytical Microscope (micro-XRF) with a 100 μm ultra-high intensity probe to get the elemental composition information of a small garnet stone. Thanks to the micro-spot with high intensity, we could detect the key elements of the small garnet stone just in 30 seconds, and the obtained elemental composition suggested that the garnet stone had similar composition to the chrome poor pyrope from Monte Suímo, Portugal.
Quantitative Analysis of Carbon in PolysiliconPolysilicon, the raw material for silicon wafers, requires strict control of carbon content, which affects its conductivity. As higher purity silicon wafers are required, it is important to understand the amount of carbon contained in polysilicon supplied as a material. However, some carbon is present as carbonate and some is attached as CO2, making it very difficult to distinguish between them and analyze the extremely small amount of carbon.
Co-localized microscopy techniques for pyrite mineral spatial characterizationIn this study we have chosen to investigate pyrite and its surrounding minerals in order to identify the different mineral phases as well as the chemical variations from micro- to nano-scale. Using the different microscopes instruments and being co-localized allows a comprehensive characterization of the sample and a precise superimposition of all the images.
Glass-Filled Ruby Characterization with the XGT-9000, HORIBA’s new micro-XRFGemstones for jewelry are treated by heating, irradiation, or filling of cracks to make them flawless. We performed imaging analyses using an XGT-9000 X-ray Analytical Microscope on a ruby provided by Mineralab. The transmission X-ray imaging revealed that the ruby included several internal defects, and the fluorescent X-ray imaging revealed that the ruby surface was treated by filling with Pb, Mg and Si which are representative of lead glass.
Elemental Composition Identification of Geoscience/Mineralogical SamplesThe XGT-9000 Series can be equipped with various probes and spot sizes providing comprehensive and detailed understanding of geological and mineral samples.
Optical Micro-spectroscopies on a Path to Identify the Source of LifeIn this article, we present how our Raman and X-Ray Fluorescence microscopies can be combined to shed some light on the origins of the universe. We show some examples on a meteorite piece and on water inclusion in quartz matrix.
Characterization of Pyrite Inclusions in Lapis Lazuli Using X-ray Fluorescence Micro-imagingLapis lazuli is a deep-blue metamorphic rock used as a semiprecious stone which contains inclusions that can impact its value. Pyrite impurities and major elements distribution are studied with the XGT-9000, HORIBA’s new X-ray microscope.
Study of geological materials with Raman SpectroscopyNatural rocks composing the Earth are complex. They consist of an aggregate of one or more minerals. Each mineral can be defined by its chemical composition and its crystalline structure and sometimes can also contain fluid inclusions. Geologists need a powerful characterization technique to get detailed information on the rock formation history. Raman spectroscopy is extremely information-rich (chemical identification, characterization of molecular structures, effects of bonding, environment and stress on a sample). With its non-destructive properties and high spatial resolution (< 1 μm), it is thus a tool of choice for geological studies.
Particle Analysis in Mining and MineralsMany particles encountered in mining are characterized by sieves. Recent advances make image analysis practical for samples with sizes larger than several microns in diameter. As particle size decreases, laser diffraction becomes the technique of choice.
Frac Sand and Proppant Size and ShapeHydraulic fracturing is used in the oil and gas industry to increase the flow of oil and/or gas from a well. Proppants are pumped into the oil well with fracturing fluid to hold the fissures open. The proppant size, shape, and mechanical strength influences the integrity of the newly created fractures, and therefore the flow of oil and gas out of the well.
Ellipsometric Characterization of Doped and Undoped Crystalline Diamond StructuresIn this work, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was successfully applied to characterize the optical properties and the thicknesses of doped and undoped diamond layers. The sensitivity of this technique enables the doped layer to be distinguished from the undoped one in a sample consisting of a stack of these two layers. Moreover, an interface between the two layers has been detected. This work and others reported previously show clearly that ellipsometry is the technique of choice for the characterization of optical and structural properties of layered materials thanks to its sensitivity and the wide range of information it provides.