PCRS

Raman-Based Particle Identification, Simplified

Know What Your Particles Are—Not Just That They Exist

A particle count tells you something is present—but not what it is, where it came from, or whether it actually matters. That missing information slows investigations, creates uncertainty, and increases risk—particularly when particle size, shape, and composition all play a role.

Particle Correlated Raman Spectroscopy (PCRS) transforms particle analysis by combining automated microscopy‑based particle detection and morphological analysis with Raman‑based chemical identification in a single, correlated workflow.

PCRS delivers two critical dimensions of particle intelligence:

  • Morphology — size, shape, aspect ratio, transparency, surface features
  • Chemical ID — molecular identity and composition via Raman spectroscopy

 

Together, these provide true single‑particle characterization, rather than isolated metrics.


A Bidirectional, Flexible Analytical Workflow

Unlike traditional approaches that separate particle sizing from chemical analysis, PCRS enables a bidirectional workflow that adapts to your application needs.

For many applications, microscopy and image analysis guide Raman measurements:

  • Particles are first detected, segmented, and classified by size, shape, or visual features
  • Raman analysis is then targeted only to particles of interest
  • This approach improves throughput and focuses on chemical ID, where it adds the most value

 

Chemically-Resolved Particle Statistics

Once particles are chemically identified by Raman spectroscopy, PCRS enables the workflow to move in the opposite direction:

  • Particles are grouped by chemical identity
  • Size, shape, and population statistics are then presented by chemical ID
  • Users can compare morphology across different materials or contamination types

 

This enables chemically resolved particle sizing and shape analysis, not just bulk averages.


PCRS: More Than Counting. More Than Identification.

By correlating Raman spectroscopy with particle imaging, PCRS enables:

  • Chemical identification and detailed morphology at the single‑particle level
  • Confident differentiation between visually similar particles
  • Faster root‑cause analysis and contamination investigations
  • Measurement strategies tailored to the question—not the tool

 

With PCRS, particle analysis becomes actionable insight. You move beyond knowing that particles exist to understanding what they are, how they behave, and why they matter—supported by real, defensible data.


Sample Preparation for PCRS

Proper sample preparation is critical for reliable PCRS analysis, as particle detection and Raman spectral quality depend on dispersion, substrate background, and optical access. Preparation workflows are designed to preserve particle integrity, minimize spectral interference, and ensure sufficient particle separation for automated analysis across applications including pharmaceuticals, batteries, carbon materials, forensics, and microplastics.

Preparation by Sample Type

Dry particulates
Dry powders are lightly dispersed onto Raman-compatible substrates at low surface density to minimize overlap. Gentle tapping or use of the HORIBA XD-100 disperser helps reduce aggregation without damaging particles.

Liquid samples
Liquid samples are prepared by droplet deposition and drying or by filtration using Raman-compatible filters (e.g. silicon filters) and a standard filtration kit. Filtration conditions are optimized to capture representative particles while avoiding stacking or clogging. Simple liquid formulations such as nasal sprays may be prepared by spraying directly onto a slide and allowing the sample to dry prior to analysis.  Special sample holders allow for automatic measurement of up to three silicon filters at once.

Standard filtration kit

Sample Holders

XD-100 Particle Disperser

Semi‑solid and viscous matrices
Gels, creams, and other viscous materials are applied as thin layers or diluted before filtration. Thickness is controlled to keep particles optically accessible while minimizing background interference.

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Particle Correlated Raman Spectroscopy Workflow

1. Optical Imaging

High-resolution optical images of the particles are acquired using various imaging modes such as bright field, dark field, transmission, or polarized light microscopy. Mosaic images may be acquired to cover all particles within a larger surface area.

2. Particle Detection

Particles are automatically detected according to various thresholding algorithms. Automated detection reduces operator-dependent variability and facilitates consistent screening of large particle sets.

3. Particle Size, Shape, Morphology

The ParticleFinderTM application automatically calculates size, shape, and morphological parameters for each particle, as well as their statistics. Users may filter particles to those most relevant or include all in the statistics. Get information on position, area, diameter, perimeter, major/minor axis, ellipse ratio, circularity, brightness, Feret max/min diameter, convexity, elongation, and volume.

4. Spectral Acquisition and Data Processing

Raman parameters such as laser power, grating, integration time, etc. are optimized for the sample and Raman spectra are collected. Spectra may be collected using single point measurements at the center of the particle, multi-point averaging for heterogeneous particles, or full-particle level mapping, when necessary. Raman spectra are also processed (smoothing, baseline, spike removal, etc.) with the ParticleFinderTM application.

5. Chemical Identification

Each Raman spectrum is matched against a database, such as Wiley’s KnowItAll or HORIBA’s IDFinder in order to chemically identify each particle and color-code the particles according to material type.

 

6. Statistical Analysis

All results are combined into a single dataset linking particle size, shape, morphology, and composition. A further statistical analysis can be performed as a function of particle ID and any of the relevant size, shape, or morphological parameters (e.g. ellipse ratio of all particles vs. ellipse ratio for particles of each type).

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Applications of PCRS

Pharmaceuticals

Particle Identification • Contamination • Raw Material Verification

PCRS supports pharmaceutical quality and forensic workflows by enabling:

  • Foreign particle identification in drug products and packaging
  • Root‑cause analysis of contamination events
  • Raw material and excipient verification
  • Polymorph and formulation consistency checks
  • Non‑destructive analysis of trace particulates

 

✅ Supports pharmacopeial Raman approaches (e.g., USP <788>)
✅ Valuable for deviations, investigations, and QA/QC escalation

Microplastics & Environmental Particulates

Environmental Monitoring • Particle Classification

PCRS is widely used for:

  • Identification of microplastics and polymer fragments
  • Chemical classification of environmental particulates
  • Size‑resolved particle analysis
  • Non‑destructive analysis of heterogeneous samples

 

✅ Enables rapid screening and chemical confirmation
✅ Supports environmental research and monitoring initiatives

Batteries & Carbon Materials

Contamination • Coatings • Materials Characterization

PCRS plays a critical role in advanced energy materials analysis, including:

  • Foreign particle and contamination identification in electrodes and separators
  • Carbon material differentiation (graphite, hard carbon, amorphous carbon)
  • Coating analysis (composition, quality, thickness trends)
  • Failure analysis and defect investigation

 

✅ High spatial resolution supports localized defect analysis
✅ Useful across R&D, scale‑up, and failure investigations

Forensics

Unknowns • Trace Evidence • Contamination

PCRS is trusted for forensic analysis due to its:

  • Non‑destructive identification of unknown particles and residues
  • Trace evidence analysis (fibers, powders, particulates)
  • Contamination investigation with minimal sample preparation
  • Chemical specificity and defensible spectral evidence

 

✅ Preserves sample integrity
✅ Supports investigative and evidentiary workflows

Resources

Frequently Asked Questions

Particle Correlated Raman Spectroscopy (PCRS) is an advanced analytical technique that integrates:

  • High-resolution microscopy imaging
  • Automated particle detection and sizing
  • Targeted Raman spectroscopy analysis
  • Library-based chemical identification of particles


Each particle is individually analyzed and fully characterized across Size, Shape, Location, and Chemical Composition. This creates a correlated dataset, delivering a complete understanding of particulate matter in complex samples.

PCRS is used for particle identification, contamination analysis, microplastics research, and failure analysis across multiple industries. Critical for contamination control, root cause analysis, and quality assurance.

    Yes. Raman spectroscopy provides a molecular fingerprint that allows precise identification of unknown particles, including polymers, glass, metals, and biological materials.

    PCRS enables rapid particle identification, correlated data analysis, automated workflows, and improved confidence in contamination investigations.

    Traditional particle analysis methods answer:

    • How many particles are present?
    • What size are they?

     

    PCRS answers the questions that actually drive decisions:

    • What are the particles made of?
    • Are they contamination or expected material?
    • What is their source?
    • Do they pose a risk?

     

    It transforms particle analysis from a reactive process into a proactive, insight-driven strategy.

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