Nanomaterials

What is Nanomaterials?

Nanomaterials is a major field of advance material research. Over the last three decades, nanomaterials, especially, polymer and silicon based materials, have experienced tremendous rise in interest due to the extraordinary ability to manipulate their structure and composition at the atom level, leading to the development of novel materials with unique properties that were not available before. Today, nanomaterials are used over a wide range of applications including automotive, semiconductors, energy storage and biomedical, to name just few examples.

HORIBA offers a large choice of innovative technologies such as Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy [SERS], steady state and lifetime fluorescence, photoluminescence, ellipsometry and particle size analysis to support a wide range of nanomaterials applications.

CMP technology is essential in the manufacturing process of large scale semiconductor integrated circuits (LSI). Colloidal silica are widely used as CMP slurries because of their clean spherical shape. Colloidal silica was measured by Partica CENTRIFUGE and its measurement repeatability was confirmed.

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are thin, light, and flexible string-like materials that are composed entirely of carbon atoms. CNTs easily aggregate, so it is essential to understand and control the state of aggregation in order to achieve the expected performance. For this purpose, an analytical method that can quickly evaluate wide particle size distributions (PSD) from isolated dispersion to aggregation, with high resolution, is necessary.

Emergence of organic memristors has been hindered by poor reproducibility, endurance stability scalability and low switching speed. Knowing the primary driving mechanism at the molecular scale will be the key to improve the robustness and reliability of such organic based devices.

TERS Characterization of phospholipid bilayers and detection of nanoparticles

Phospholipid bilayers, major constituents of membranes act as a barrier of selective permeability for the nanoparticles now largely into our environment. Studying the interactions between nanoparticles and cellular membranes requires a molecular chemical probe with nanometer resolution capability.

TERS Characterization of Graphene Nanoribbons

Graphene is foreseen for a handful of electronic and optoelectronic nano-devices. Making nano-devices out of graphene requires nanopatterning. Determining the quality of patterned graphene is essential and the detection of defects demands a sensitive chemical nano-characterization tool.

The Fluorolog-QM fluorescence spectrometer with an integrating sphere option is an excellent choice for PLQY measurements in NIR. The K-Sphere is very convenient and easy to use, as it couples directly to the sample compartment optics and allows a use of external light sources, such as DPSS lasers, which can be attached to the front of the sample compartment. The sphere has holders for cuvettes, slides and powders that can be easily interchanged. The results demonstrate very good reproducibility and precision for NIR PLQY measurements spanning almost two orders of magnitude. Based on multiple measurements, the demonstrated PLQY standard deviations range from 1.3% for high QY value (77%) to 6.4% for the QY below 1%.

Nanoparticle Size of Colloidal Silver

In general, silver colloids are prepared by liquid phase reduction. The reducing agent type and conditions can be varied to obtain a silver colloid of a given particle size range.

Depth profile analysis by GDOES. Pulsed RF Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry offers ultra-fast elemental depth profiling capability for the investigation of thin and thick films. Thanks to the use of a pulsed RF source, coupled with a high resolution optical spectrometer, the GD Profiler 2 provides an excellent depth resolution, allowing the fast evaluation of the coating quality. In this application note, we focus on a MoS2/Pb composite multilayered sample, used as a solid lubricant. The analysis of such a sample shows the excellent performance of this instrument for the study of nm-thick complex coatings.

DPSS laser mounted to the front of the Fluorolog-QM sample compartment

The new Fluorolog-QM spectrofluorometers, due to their modularity and advanced software and a universal interface, are an ideal choice for studying multiple aspects of upconversion. This technical note illustrates the use of Fluorolog-QM-75-21 for spectral and time-resolved characterization of these materials.

Nanoparticle Size of Colloidal Copper

The colloidal copper studied in this report is a suspension in which particles of copper of 100 nm or less in size are dispersed uniformly in hexane. Copper colloids are generally prepared by liquid phase reduction.

Due to its high hardness, silicon carbide is used in many abrasive applications either as a slurry or fixed in a matrix such as grinding wheels. It is also highly abrasion-resistant.

Nanoparticle Size of Colloidal Palladium

Nanoparticles easily aggregate, so their surfaces are coated with organic molecules of various sorts to provide 3D barriers or to introduce electrostatic repulsive forces between them, thereby enhancing their dispersibility.

Nanoparticle Size of Colloidal Copper

Platinum colloidal particles are stabilized by coating their surfaces with high polymers to form 3-D barriers or using the reduction potential of platinum to impose repulsive forces between the particles.

Single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT’s) consist of rolled up single sheets of carbon atoms and, due to the high aspect ratio and nature of the C-C bonds, have unique properties. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) has become the technique of choice for characterizing nanomaterials in suspension due to its speed and ability to readily characterize a statistically significant number of particles.

The use of metal surfaces in conjunction with fluorescence molecules employing a plasmon effect, sometimes referred to as metal enhanced fluorescence, can be advantageous because of the possible enhancement of photophysical properties.

The abrasive particles found in CMP slurries have a size distribution which directly affects critical metrics. Particle size analysis is therefore a key indicator of CMP slurry performance. The popularity and utility of several particle sizing techniques will be discussed within.

UVISEL ellipsometers have been used for the characterization of several systems of nanoparticles. This ellipsometric characterization involves the development of specific modeling tools available within DeltaPsi2 software. Through this report we illustrate the application of ellipsometry to the characterization of nanoparticle based samples. Our goal is to demonstrate that the technique can apply within a large panel of materials science. The HORIBA ellipsometric product line offers the most versatile hardware of the UVISEL series combined with the DeltaPsi2 software including unique modeling features to get the most of your applied work on this fascinating domain of modern physics.

Mapping of the nanowire performed by recording step-spectra at every 200 nm with an integration time of 1s.

We have performed a complete Raman polarized study of a single GaN nanowire using a confocal microscope together with a high resolution stage. The high spatial resolution of our Raman confocal instrument together with a piezoelectric stage demonstrates unambiguously the possibility to image the optical properties of nano-objects with a resolution better than 200 nm keeping the fill advantage of the polarization control under a confocal microscope.

TERS Characterization of Lipid Nanotubes as Carbonaceous Material for Electrodes

For thirty years there has been a research focused onto carbonization of 3D structures especially to be employed in electronic applications. These structures are prepared with the help of lithography and pyrolyzed afterwards. For making features below 100 nm, a bottom-up approach using lipids nanotubes is attempted.

Multimodal spectroscopy techniques for nanostructured materials characterization

In this article, we present the combination of Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and SEM-CL techniques, where the instruments weren’t physically connected. Smart nanostructured materials require a comprehensive understanding of their morphology, elemental and chemical composition. nanoGPS Suite solution allows a colocalized combination of a variety of microscopy techniques, providing a full characterization of nanostructured materials and a precise superimposition of the results obtained.

Gold nanorods are rod-shaped gold nanoparticles. Fig. 1 shows that gold nanorods have two surface plasmon bands in the directions of the short and long axes derived from their anisotropic shapes.

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are attracting attention and being utilized as cutting-edge materials, including battery materials, due to their lightness, strength, and current density resistance. Various applications have been developed based on these characteristics.

Research in nanoscience has garnered much interest because of the different properties of small structures compared to the respective bulk material.

InGaAs/GaAs and InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) have been identified as suitable candidates for various applications in the terahertz range by using their intraband carrier transitions.

Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) technology is used as an indispensable fundamental technology in the manufacturing process of ultra-large-scale semiconductor integrated circuits (ULSI). CMP is a technique in which the surface of a substrate is softened, removed or flattened by chemical etching and frictional abrasion with a chemical slurry that contains abrasive particles. Fumed silica abrasive particles are synthesized in a gas phase reaction in flame and are dispersed as secondary particles that are aggregates of primary particles. They are known to have thiogenic properties. Although the rate of polishing is high for fumed silica, its polishing precision is inferior to that of colloidal silica.

TERS Characterization of Single- to Few-Layer Ti₃C₂Tₓ MXene

MXenes is the largest and fastest growing 2D materials. They have unique properties such as good conductivity and a hydrophilic surface. The control of nanoscale composition would ultimately allow for engineering properties locally, gaining more control over the 2D material-based systems.

The Nanolog has a reputation as the premier instrument for the exploration of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs).

New NIR DSS detectors in final QC at the HORIBA NJ Optical Spectroscopy Center in Piscataway, NJ.

This technical note serves as a guideline to selecting the best solid state detector with the Fluorolog-QM modular research spectrofluorometer for a given series of photoluminescence experiments.

Silica is currently one of the most important industrial materials, whose nanoparticles are formed via a sol-gel process.

It is not yet understood how co-crystal nanoparticles (co-crystallinity combined with nanostructuring) have superior properties to single compound crystals. Only a technique capable of probing single nanoparticles can bring answers.

HORIBA Jobin Yvon’s spectrofluorometers have many applications in nanophotonics research: single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), quantum dots (QDs), and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Quantum confinement affects nanomaterials’ photoluminescence: when the semiconducting nanoparticle is smaller than the bulk material’s Bohrexciton radius, the bandgap energy is inversely proportional to the nanoparticle size.

Metal nanoparticles (also known as colloidal metal) have been around for a very long time. Both pure metal and metal oxide colloids are used in a wide variety of applications including catalysts, ferrofluids, biological markers, and many others. Particle size and zeta potential of these suspensions are critical physical parameters that affect functionality and stability.

Nanotechnology is extremely diverse, ranging from novel extensions of conventional device physics, to completely new approaches based upon molecular self-assembly and to developing new materials with dimensions on the nanoscale. Materials reduced to the nanoscale can show different properties compared to what they exhibit on a macroscale, enabling unique applications.

A-TEEM™ for Qtracker® 655 quantum dots

Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconducting spheres in the size typically in the range of 1 to 10nm. The size of these small spheres give quantum dots the semiconducting properties and resulting photoluminescence that would not necessarily occur for the same material on larger scales.

Nanophotonics is one of the most exciting new fields to come out of nanotechnology. The quantum-confinement effects observed in these very small (~10 nm) particles can lead to unique optical properties.

Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Quantum Dots

Quantum dots (QDs) have potential applications in optoelectronics, biosensing, biolabeling, memory devices, and sources of laser light.

HORIBA Jobin Yvon’s NanoLog® spectrofluorometer, specially optimized for recording near-IR fluorescence from nanoparticles, includes a double-grating excitation monochromator, imaging emission spectrograph with a selectable-grating turret, and a variety of detectors.

Improvements to the HORIBA Scientific NanoLog®, already the best spectrofluorometer for exploration of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), render it even more suitable for this application.

Better Signal-to-Noise Ratios for Carbon Nanotube Spectra

Corrected emission spectra1 of carbon nanoparticles can provide excitation–emission matrices (EEMs) for a range of excitation wavelengths.

Fluorescence Spectra from Carbon Nanotubes

Single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), consisting of rolled-up single sheets of carbon atoms, have received much attention recently.

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