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Natural rocks composing the Earth are complex. They consist of an aggregate of one or more minerals. Each mineral can be defined by its chemical composition and its crystalline structure and sometimes can also contain fluid inclusions. Geologists need a powerful characterization technique to get detailed information on the rock formation history. Raman spectroscopy is extremely information-rich (chemical identification, characterization of molecular structures, effects of bonding, environment and stress on a sample). With its non-destructive properties and high spatial resolution (< 1 μm), it is thus a tool of choice for geological studies.
构成地球的天然岩石组成复杂。天然岩石是由一种或多种矿物的组成。每种矿物可以通过多种指标进行鉴定：化学成分、晶体结构，部分矿物还包含流体包裹体。地质学家需要一种强有力的表征技术以获取有关岩石形成历史的详细信息。拉曼光谱可以提供极其丰富的信息（化学指纹信息、分子结构、键合效应、环境信息和样品的应力分布）。拉曼能实现无损检测和高空间分辨率（<1μm），因此，其是地质研究的必备工具。
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