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Science in Action open open
  • AFIS key to catching crook in unlikely match
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  • An act of mercy in Baltimore
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    • Carbon black lightens your wallet
    • Cleaner water through fluorescence spectroscopy and artificial intelligence
    • Companies collaborate for better water treatment
    • Discovering the origins of life
    • "Disruptive" carbon research deepens climate change understanding
    • Drilling deep to discover life
    • Duetta: fluorescence and absorbance - in the blink of an eye
    • Designing a new breed of nuclear reactors
    • Elemental analysis and a cold brew
    • Finding ancient life through minerals on earth and beyond
    • Fine wine-making with the help of HORIBA tech
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    • Fluorescence spectroscopy becoming key to identifying pain
    • Fluorescent carbon nanodots: making foldable displays
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    • Health benefits of olive oils get boost
    • Historic carbon fluctuations could expose climate change secrets
    • How do thin films help NASA uncover the secrets to the universe?
    • How fusion breakthroughs will lead to clean renewable energy
    • How to measure temperature with light
    • How we customized a spectroscopy solution in the low UV range
    • How XRF may help uncover hidden clues to life on Mars
    • Investigating missing carbon in Australian caves
    • Is this the next breakthrough in medicine?
    • Killing cancer with lanthanides and air
    • Low cost solar power on the horizon
    • Man of science follows business path
    • Making better gas turbines
    • Making more efficient solar energy
    • Materials characterization crucial in Silicon Valley systems
    • Medical examiner department ID’s evidence with alternative light sources
    • Microplastics: a big problem for the environment
    • Microplastics explained
    • Mishaps and ski trip lead to laser revolution
    • Museum’s mineral studies improving life
    • Nanotechnology a pathway to efficient solar energy
    • Photodynamic therapy – A non-toxic way to fight cancer
    • Photoluminescence contributes to staggering growth of photovoltaics
    • Photovoltaics and photoluminescence
    • Raman breakthrough recovers erased serial numbers from plastic guns
    • Raman gets the goods on counterfeiters
    • Raman spectroscopy breakthroughs make CSI real
    • Researcher fights food fraud
    • Researcher traces path of potentially toxic nanoparticles
    • Scientist pioneers wastewater treatments to fight global warming effects
    • Should you be worried about nanotoxicity?
    • SPEX Forensics algorithms used to solve cold cases
    • Study validates fluorescence spectroscopy with A-TEEM for fast and precise wine authentication
    • Targeting toxic waste with minerals
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    • The science of food
    • The best nanoparticle
    • Thin film analysis reveals secrets to renewable energy
    • Using renewable and alternative sources for value-added products production
    • Using low temperatures to probe 2D materials for device applications
    • Versatile Aqualog saves chemical costs at treatment plants
    • What are microplastics?
    • Where do microplastics come from?
    • Yellowstone’s treasures may hold clues to life
    Finding ancient life through minerals on earth and beyond

Finding ancient life through minerals on earth and beyond

Eric Ellison, University of Colorado, Boulder

Eric Ellison, University of Colorado, Boulder

Visualize slicing a rock so thin it’s transparent to the eye. That’s what Eric Ellison must do to study which minerals host life.

Ellison is the Raman lab manager and applications developer for the University of Colorado – Boulder’s CU Raman Microspectroscopy lab. He uses Raman spectroscopy to analyze rock samples taken from deep beneath the earth for signs of microscopic life.

His lab seeks answers to many diverse questions. All geological systems contain minerals and they aren’t hidden.   But the minerals, all assembled together, can be complex, so Raman is needed to spatially resolve all of the different minerals present and their relationships to each other.

The minerals are the keys to finding life. Raman spectroscopy also will tell researchers the chemical composition and spatial relationships of minerals.

“It can tell us about chemical reactions in rocks,” Ellison said. “We are looking for minerals that have formed in the past that recorded information about the environment the rock has been in and whether these rocks could support a microbial ecosystem. We want to know whether these sorts of ecosystems exist, how prevalent they may be, and how much energy is there for life, because we think these same sorts of rocks-hosted environments may exist on other planets.” 

The rocks he studies are peridotites, found in the Earth’s mantle. These rocks are far out of equilibrium with earth’s surface, water and low temperatures. These are rocks that formed deep down in the Earth under high temperatures and pressure without oxygen.

When these rocks get moved tectonically up to the surface of the Earth, the rocks want to react with the environment in a process called serpentinization.

“The chemical reactions I’m studying are like rusting,” Ellison said. “They are iron rich rocks. The chemical reactions with water lead to the iron becoming oxidized, the water being broken down and hydrogen being released.”

That hydrogen gas is an energy source for single-cell microorganisms like bacteria and archaea, that can live in the rocks. These organisms can combine the hydrogen with the carbon dioxide and live off gasses.

Raman spectroscopy plays a key role in identifying these chemical structures.

“We use the Raman for mapping these minerals in the rocks,” he said. “We cut it and make a thin microscopic transparent slide. We identify the minerals on a microscopic scale, looking for evidence that the chemical reaction has occurred. That is, we look to see if the minerals consumed were present, and the chemicals produced are present.”

It all goes towards answering two questions – whether the energy was made and whether life used it.

Raman is a powerful technology because it’s sensitive to crystal structures. The lab uses a LabRAM HR Evolution Raman Spectrometer and Confocal Raman Microscope.

“It can show us the actual mineral structures that are present,” Ellison said. “That matters because it can tell us about the temperature and whether these reactions happened.

Brucite is a mineral he works with frequently.

“It would be very hard for me to know if that’s there without Raman,” he said. “Raman just lights it up. We can find hidden rare and fine scale minerals with it.”

HORIBA LabRAM HR Evolution

HORIBA LabRAM HR Evolution in the CU Raman Microspectroscopy lab at the University of Colorado Boulder

Raman microspectroscopy is an integral component of deciphering how rocks that have recovered from the deep subsurface may have created habitats for microbial life.

The lab’s Raman spectrometer is a valuable instrument to the community. Ellison encourages campus and outside users to regularly access this facility.

“There have been engineering and materials type industries, people making precision optical materials, and thin coatings for household items. We even had engineers with a printer company. They had a material with a thin coating and they were trying to characterize it,” he said. Other users have used the lab to study materials in concrete, liquid crystals, advanced plastics, batteries, and many other products.

Ellison works in concert with university Geomicrobiologist Alexis Templeton, Ph.D., a professor of geological sciences at the university. Currently, Templeton is leading a nine-institution project called “Rock Powered Life,” which looks at revealing mechanisms of energy flow from the lithosphere (the Earth’s crust and mantle) to the biosphere. The project is supported by the NASA Astrobiology Institute and looks to further concepts of where life may be able to exist on other planets.

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