Automotive Manufacturing

After the introduction of Real Driving Emission (RDE) tests for light- and heavy-duty vehicles, focus is now also shifting to the area of non-road mobile machinery (NRMM).

A series of legislative measures has significantly reduced the amount of emissions that is being emitted by internal combustion engines of light and medium-duty vehicles.

Real Driving Emission (RDE) tests confirm the results produced during an emissions test on a chassis dynamometer to ensure that vehicles meet the set limits in the real world.

In order to engineer materials with controlled diffusive properties, we need to be able to measure the diffusive process in situ. Ideally, we would like a technique that provides molecular information with resolution on a microscopic scale, that is non destructive of the samples, and can be set up and used on a laboratory bench top with a minimum of time and effort involved in sample preparation. Raman microprobe spectroscopy is an ideal candidate for this type of studies. Use of visible light combined with a confocal microscope provides a probe with spatial resolution of a micron or better, and coupling of such a microscope to a modern Raman spectrometer equipped with holographic notch filters and CCD multi channel detectors allows rapid acquisition of Raman spectra which can be correlated with the chemical state of the species and its physical environment.

A Li-ion battery is a rechargeable battery in which lithium ions move between the anode and the cathode creating an electricity flow. Whether you study new electrodes or coatings behaviors, charge and discharge processes, process controls, or perform comparative studies for Li-ion batteries, Pulsed RF Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry is a valuable companion tool.

The application note explains how the Raman Spectroscopy can be helpful in the analysis of cathodes and anodes in Li-ion batteries. Today’s state of art of technology requires more reliable, more efficient and powerful energy sources. Lithium-ion batteries are thus of high interest. Raman spectroscopy adapts to the different stages of life of these batteries, such as the characterization of new materials for more flexible systems, failure analysis; but also more standard analysis of used material during charge/discharge process, including structural and electronic properties, and even robust, automated QC tests.

In 2016 the European Commission´s (EC) Member States agreed on new procedures and requirements for light-duty vehicle type approval certification introducing Portable Emission Measurement System (PEMS) for vehicle testing on the road.