材料研究

Spinel-type lithium manganate (LiMn2O4-σ) is said to change its discharge characteristics due to slight differences in composition caused by oxygen deficiency. The differences in the discharge characteristics of lithium manganate batteries are also observed in the particle size and crystal structure, but attention is also paid to the difference in the oxygen bonding ratio, as samples with less oxygen bonding have poorer discharge characteristics.

Toner is a primary component of the electrophotographic printing and copying processes. The synthesized toner particles must exhibit some special characteristics such as particle size and shape to obtain high quality and high-resolution printed images. Utilization of smaller particle size toners has been suggested to be effective in achieving high image quality. In this study, the analysis of the particle size distribution of black toner is optimized using HORIBA Partica LA-960V2 laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer.

Stainless steel, Ti, Al, and Cu are commonly used as metal 3D printing materials, and customers have expressed a desire to be able to quickly manage the amounts of oxygen (O) and nitrogen (N) in those materials. For example, if the Ti material contains a large amount of oxygen (O), oxides will be produced, which can lead to defects in the printed part.

A pigment obtains, for example, its maximum colour effect only in a narrow particle size range below 1 to 2 microns. Therefore, understanding particle size distribution of calcium carbonates becomes one of the foremost parameters to be examined. In this study, the particle size distribution of the two different grades of calcium carbonate was investigated using HORIBA Partica LA-960V2 Laser Scattering Particle Size Distribution Analyzer.

钢涂层在防止钢腐蚀方面起着重要作用，因此了解涂层有助于改善钢的性能。XRF 是一种用于测量涂层厚度和成分的强大技术，使用 MESA-50 X射线荧光分析仪对钢上的锌镍涂层进行了无损的厚度和成分分析。

本应用文档研究了Aqualog用于饮用水处理中可溶性有机物(DOM)及其消毒副产物的监测。

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are getting more and more popular as a clean energy, and a lot of research is being done to achieve better durability for further spread into more commercial phase.

有机忆阻器的出现受到了低重复性、耐久性、可扩展性和低开关速度的阻碍。了解分子尺度上的主要驱动机制将是提高这种有机基器件的坚固性和可靠性的关键。

We obtained lithium-ion battery cells from 3 different commercial electric vehicles manufactured by an automotive company for the reverse engineering investigation. We disassembled and analyzed each of the cathode sheets, the anode sheets, and the separator sheets using multiple analytical instruments.

本应用案例报告了通过喷雾闪蒸两种爆炸性有机化合物（CL-20和HMX）制备的结晶纳米颗粒的TERS表征。

The Fluorolog-QM’s advanced modularity supports the characterization of electroluminescent materials across a broad time range, from nanoseconds to seconds, without the need for external devices.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are getting more and more popular as a clean energy, and a lot of research is being done to achieve better durability for further spread into more commercial phase.

The HORIBA micro-XRF system performs two applications for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) catalyst research: One is Pt catalyst uniformity imaging within a catalyst sheet thanks to the imaging capability. The other is Pt catalyst loading mass determination on average, which is a popular application of EDXRF. Through the experiments, we successfully visualized aggregates of Pt catalyst in our samples, and we also got a good linearity of calibration curve for Pt catalyst loading mass determination.

Polysilicon, the raw material for silicon wafers, requires strict control of carbon content, which affects its conductivity. As higher purity silicon wafers are required, it is important to understand the amount of carbon contained in polysilicon supplied as a material. However, some carbon is present as carbonate and some is attached as CO2, making it very difficult to distinguish between them and analyze the extremely small amount of carbon.

磷脂双分子层是细胞膜的主要成分，同时也作为纳米粒子现在主要进入细胞的选择性渗透屏障。研究纳米粒子和细胞膜之间的相互作用需要具有纳米尺度分辨率能力的分子化学探针。

微观金属颗粒的快速分析是工程领域的重要应用（例如发动机磨损分析）。特定碎片的显微XRF扫描和点分析可以获得它们的化学成分。

We analyzed a Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) cathode simulation sample using a HORIBA XGT-9000 X-ray analytical microscope and performed foreign matters analysis with the Particle Finding Module software.

Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice, exhibits remarkable electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties, making it a subject of extensive research in various scientific fields.

Van der Waals heterostructures, with their unique properties arising from the weak interlayer coupling and strong in-plane bonding, offer exciting opportunities for the design of novel materials with tailored electronic, optical, and mechanical properties.

Mono-disperse polystyrene latex (PSL) standards are commonly used to verify accuracy and proper operation of laser diffraction particle size analyzers. As these materials are somewhat different from normal materials, proper conditions and procedures are necessary to ensure correct results.

脉冲式射频GD-OES可以用于研究不同的电镀样品。光斑尺寸的灵活性、脉冲射频源以及微分干涉仪的引入使射频GD-OES 成为电镀行业的关键技术。

在这项研究中，我们表征了黄铁矿及其周围的矿物，以确定不同的矿物相态，并从微米到纳米尺度表征了样品空间上的化学变化。使用不同的显微镜仪器进行共定位，实现对样品特征的全面分析，并对所有的图像进行精确的叠加。

Calcium hydroxide, also called slaked lime or hydrated lime, is a powder widely used in the chemical industry. The surface area of calcium hydroxide plays a key role in determining the manner and rate at which it reacts in chemical processes.

One of the most widely distributed and common clay minerals is Kaolinite, a soft mineral produced by the chemical weathering of aluminum silicate minerals like feldspar. Kaolinite is milled to obtain target particle sizes and surface areas which are key to its use in different applications.

The surface area of bentonite is important because it significantly influences its reactivity, adsorption capacity, and effectiveness in various applications. Bentonite clay can have a high surface area due to its unique layered structure and microscopic particle size.

The surface area of calcium carbonate plays a crucial role in determining its reactivity, effectiveness, and performance in various applications. A larger surface area means more opportunities for reactions with other substances, such as acids or other chemicals.

Hydroxyapatite is a naturally occurring mineral form of calcium apatite. It is the main mineral component of vertebrate bones and teeth and is also found in some other tissues like dentin and enamel.

Aluminum oxide, or alumina, is a compound composed of aluminum and oxygen. It is one of the most abundant minerals in the Earth’s crust and has many practical applications due to its unique properties.

Graphite’s properties stem from its hexagonal lattice structure. It is composed of carbon atoms arranged in layers, each consisting of interconnected hexagonal rings. These layers can easily slide past one another, giving graphite its characteristic lubricity.

脉冲式射频 GD-OES 是磁控溅射沉积的理想配套分析工具。磁控溅射是等离子气相沉积的一种，PVD镀膜机的真空室充满惰性气体（例如氩气），通过施加高电压（RF、HIPIMS 等）产生辉光放电，离子加速到目标表面和等离子涂层，氩离子溅射靶材表面材料，从而在衬底上形成膜层。

将金属表面与具有等离子体效应的荧光分子结合使用，有时被称为金属增强荧光，可能会增强光物理性质，因此在很多领域具有优势。例如，可以提高荧光团的发射强度

我们能准确、快速地测量材料中的碳含量吗？

本应用说明的目的是解释土壤中有机碳和无机碳的测定，以及如何制备样品以去除土壤样品中的无机碳（碳酸盐）。

本文将介绍如何结合HORIBA拉曼光谱和X射线荧光显微分析仪来阐明宇宙的起源，并以陨石碎片和石英基质中水包裹体为例进行详细说明。

三十年来，人们一直致力于三维结构的碳化研究，特别是在电子应用中。这些结构是在光刻技术的帮助下制备的，然后进行热解。为了制作100纳米以下的特征，尝试使用脂质纳米管的自下而上方法。

In this article, we present the combination of Raman spectroscopy, Photoluminescence and SEM-CL techniques, where the instruments weren’t physically connected. Smart nanostructured materials require a comprehensive understanding of their morphology, elemental and chemical composition. nanoGPS Suite solution allows a colocalized combination of a variety of microscopy techniques, providing a full characterization of nanostructured materials and a precise superimposition of the results obtained.

InGaAs/GaAs和InAs/GaAs量子点 (QD) 可以进行带内载流子跃迁，被认为是太赫兹范围内各种应用的合适候选者。

Gold nanorods are rod-shaped gold nanoparticles. Fig. 1 shows that gold nanorods have two surface plasmon bands in the directions of the short and long axes derived from their anisotropic shapes.

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are attracting attention and being utilized as cutting-edge materials, including battery materials, due to their lightness, strength, and current density resistance. Various applications have been developed based on these characteristics.

Silica particle size standards with National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable certified mean diameters are suitable for a wide variety of particle measurement applications. This time, four types of monodispersed colloidal silica Sigma-AldrichTM (SA) were mixed to evaluate the resolution and quantitative capability of the centrifugal sedimentation method.

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are needle-like materials with a width of about 5-20 nm and a length of about 100-250 nm defibrated using chemical treatment. It is important to understand the fiber size and dispersion state. It is necessary to have an analysis method that can quickly evaluate a wide ranges of particle size distribution for separated particles to agglomerates.

Nanocellulose is a fibrous material derived from wood and is used as composite materials, etc. Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are needle-like materials with a width of about 5-20 nm and a length of about 100-250 nm defibrated using chemical treatment. CNC is cheaper and more attractive than other high-performance nanomaterials as an alternative to some other petrochemical products. It is expected to be useable for oil spill cleaning, engineering, pharmaceuticals, container substitutes, biodegradable food packaging, etc. It is important to understand the fiber size and dispersion state. It is necessary to have an analysis method that can quickly evaluate a wide ranges of particle size distribution for separated particles to agglomerates.

Nanocellulose is a fibrous substance derived from wood and is attracting attention as a cutting-edge material. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) manufactured by TEMPO oxidation are cellulose fibers that have added carboxy groups at high density. This type of CNF is made with high efficiency and is characterized by a very thin and uniform fiber width of about 3 nm. To utilize nanocellulose, it is important to understand the fiber diameter and dispersion state. To do so, it is necessary to have an analytical method that can quickly evaluate a wide ranges of particle size distribution, from well-dispersed particles to agglomerates at high resolution.

Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP) technology is used as an indispensable fundamental technology in the manufacturing process of ultra-large-scale semiconductor integrated circuits (ULSI). CMP is a technique in which the surface of a substrate is softened, removed or flattened by chemical etching and frictional abrasion with a chemical slurry that contains abrasive particles. Fumed silica abrasive particles are synthesized in a gas phase reaction in flame and are dispersed as secondary particles that are aggregates of primary particles. They are known to have thiogenic properties. Although the rate of polishing is high for fumed silica, its polishing precision is inferior to that of colloidal silica.

MXenes is the largest and fastest growing 2D materials. They have unique properties such as good conductivity and a hydrophilic surface. The control of nanoscale composition would ultimately allow for engineering properties locally, gaining more control over the 2D material-based systems.

The Flowing Gas Technique for determining BET Surface Area has been in use for over 70 years. Many facets of the technology make it a very attractive alternative to the Static-Volumetric approach. Detection is done by measuring a gas concentration difference instead of an absolute pressure. Difference measurements are typically more accurate than many absolute measurements.

A feasibility study to measure low specific surface areas was performed using Certified Reference Materials consisting of two alpha-alumina powders and one quartz powder. The results show the SA-9600 can measure low specific surface area, with great agreement with certified values.

Nanocellulose is a fibrous material derived from wood that is applied to composite materials and is attracting attention as an advanced material. In order to utilize nanocellulose, it is important to understand the fiber diameter and dispersion state. 3 types of nanocellulose were analyzed using the Partica CENTRIFUGE centrifugal nanoparticle analyzer.

Elemental distribution is crucial for material science. The XGT-9000 Series provides this information non-destructively.

脉冲式射频辉光放电光谱仪为薄膜太阳能电池提供了快速元素深度剖析能力，可优化和控制蒸发、沉积或热处理过程中的每个阶段，并可对观测到的变化快速做出反应。

目前还不清楚共晶纳米颗粒（共结晶性与纳米结构相结合）如何比单一化合物晶体具有更好的性能。只有探测单个纳米颗粒的技术才能找到答案。

AFM-Raman及其TERS模式，以10nm的空间分辨率显示了氧化石墨烯（GO）片表面结构缺陷和化学基团的纳米图谱分析。TERS图谱与KPFM测量相结合，用于GO表面的实时形貌学、电学和化学成像。这种多参数测量方法扩展了TERS的应用能力，展示了纳米尺度上局部的化学成分和物理性质的直接相关性，这不仅仅适用于2D材料，它几乎可以适用于任何样品表面。

拉曼光谱耦联原子力显微镜（AFM）已被证明是探测纳米尺度化学性质的有力技术。液体中的TERS在生物样品的原位研究、催化和电化学反应等方面都有很好的应用前景。

通过部分阳离子交换的拓扑过程，在单晶KTiOPO4中制造了分段式通道波导。离子交换后的波导保持了KTiOPO4的高非线性敏感性，可以作为频率加倍的激光光源使用。我们应用三维（3D）拉曼成像来表征化学键和晶体结构的变化，以及测量波导段的体积大小。

二维材料在纳米和光电子领域是最先进的。在微米尺度上用非破坏性的方法表征其结构特性是非常重要的。我们在本文中展示了LabRAM Soleil™ 共聚焦拉曼在这些材料表征中的应用。

在以实际纳米器件的形式实现二维材料的前景之前，还有许多挑战。一种可采集信息丰富的纳米级表征技术来鉴定这些二维材料，并协助推广这些基于二维材料的应用。

量子点在光电子学、生物传感、生物标记、存储器件和激光光源等领域都有着潜在的应用。

HORIBA Jobin Yvon的NanoLog®荧光光谱仪，专门为纳米材料的近红外荧光检测而优化，包括双光栅激发单色仪、带可选光栅转台的成像发射光谱仪和多种探测器。

上转换镧系纳米材料表现出一种独特的荧光反斯托克斯位移，使其能够将近红外波长激发转化为可见的更短波长发射(近红外到紫外-可见)。

射频GD-OES 因对薄膜和厚膜的超快元素深度分布而闻名，可以测量所有元素，包括氢 (H)，这在许多应用领域都很重要 ，比如用于腐蚀研究、光伏、冶金、储氢材料的开发以及所有聚合物涂层研究等。H 最敏感的发射线位于VUV 范围内的121,567 nm。

TEPL和TERS图像与AFM同时获得的形貌学图像具有很好的相关性，并且在揭示MoS2薄片的性质（层数）方面都是一致的。在去卷积之后，TEPL信号甚至能够揭示100 nm大小的MoS2薄片内的局部不均匀性。开尔文探针测量支持TEPL和TERS测量，并增加了这种针尖增强耦合工具的能力。通过更好地理解二维材料在纳米尺度上的电学和化学性质，二维材料的针尖增强光谱（TEOS）表征可能有助于将这些材料进一步商品化。

拉曼和光致发光光谱揭示了二维材料固态结构的不同方面。用一台仪器同时进行的拉曼和光致发光成像揭示了二维晶体的固态结构和电子特性的空间变化，而这种变化在反射白光成像中是无法显示的。这种能力应该使材料科学家能够更好地设计和制造基于二维晶体的电子和光电设备。

利用TERS揭示碳纳米管结构中的缺陷密度，对于更好地理解用这种纳米物体制成的器件的电学性质具有重要意义。通过TERS不仅可以研究缺陷浓度，而且可以研究不同径向呼吸模式下的局部手性变化，还可以研究单个碳纳米管水平上的压力效应和应变分布。

两种分析方法--指纹模式分析（层内）和低频模式分析（层间）--给出了互补的结果，来确定MoS2的层数。方法2（使用低频模式）给出了很好的对比度；但是它没有显示出单层区域（这与模式的性质有关，是由至少两层之间的相互作用引起的）。方法1（使用指纹模式）显示所有的层，但对比度较差，特别是对于较多的层数。结合这两种分析方法可以得到更好的结果。所有的测量（低频和指纹）都是使用超低频ULFTM滤光片完成的，它允许在全拉曼范围内进行高通量测量，低至<10 cm-1。

椭圆偏振光谱仪测定了C60和C70薄膜在0.6~6.5eV（即190-2100nm）的光学常数。光学尝试提供的信息可以更好的了解这种材料的电子结构。

UVISEL椭圆偏振光谱仪是表征无定型碳薄膜厚度和光学常数的理想工具，即使膜层很薄也可以实现，还可以获得粗糙度和界面“附着力”。

拉曼在表征SWCNTs的结构方面显示出很大的潜力。有关结构的知识与纳米管的物理和化学特性之间的相关性使该技术在控制SWCNTs的质量以满足特定应用方面具有极大的威力。拉曼光谱仪的能力，如空间分辨率、光谱分辨率和激发波长的多样性，已经得到检验。除了拉曼技术，初步的荧光研究也说明了这项技术的潜力。

各种形式的碳元素的拉曼光谱对近邻键的类型以及中间和远距离秩序非常敏感。在许多情况下，拉曼光谱是表征碳材料的重要技术。拉曼光谱特征与摩擦学特性的相关性可以促进碳膜的沉积。

石墨烯是一种新的纳米材料，在未来可能部分取代微电路和计算机芯片中的硅，为了更好地了解其质量特性，需要快速可靠的技术来提供正确的属性测量，拉曼光谱已经成为研究这种特殊材料的一种关键技术。

本文成功的利用椭圆偏振光谱仪表征了掺杂和未掺杂的金刚石层的厚度和光学性质。椭偏仪非常灵敏，可以有效区分掺杂层和未掺杂层。此外，还检测到了两层间界面。椭偏仪灵敏度高可以提供广泛的信息，是表征材料光学和结构特性的优选技术。

众所周知，元素碳材料的拉曼光谱对多聚物很敏感。对于硬碳薄膜，无定形碳和类金刚石的光谱可以通过带状拟合来分离 "石墨碳"（G带）和 "无序碳"（D带）的贡献。碳膜的光谱行为已经与薄膜的物理特性相关，如硬度、耐久性、光学透明度、导电性、导热性和耐腐蚀性，并可用于预测这些特性，而无需进行广泛的替代测试。DiskRam被设计成自动收集计算机硬盘介质上的硬碳涂层的拉曼光谱，并提取与薄膜特性有很好关联的参数。提取的信息以电子表格的形式输出，用于制造厂的SPC。